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This open access book introduces the National Health Insurance (NHI) system of Taiwan with a particular emphasis on its application of digital technology to improve healthcare access and quality. The authors explicate how Taiwan integrates its strong Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry with 5G to construct an information system that facilitates medical information exchange, collects data for planning and research, refines medical claims review procedures and even assists in fighting COVID-19. Taiwan's NHI, launched in 1995, is a single-payer system funded primarily through payroll-based premiums. It covers all citizens and foreign residents with the same comprehensive benefits without the long waiting times seen in other single-payer systems. Though premium rate adjustment and various reforms were carried out in 2010, the NHI finds itself at a crossroads over its financial stability. With the advancement of technologies and an aging population, it faces challenges of expanding coverage to newly developed treatments and diagnosis methods and applying the latest innovations to deliver telemedicine and more patient-centered services. The NHI, like the national health systems of other countries, also needs to address the privacy concerns of the personal health data it collects and the issues regarding opening this data for research or commercial use. In this book, the 12 chapters cover the history, characteristics, current status, innovations and future reform plans of the NHI in the digital era. Topics explored include: Income Strategy Payment Structure Pursuing Health Equity Infrastructure of the Medical Information System Innovative Applications of the Medical Information Applications of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Digital Health Care in Taiwan is essential reading for academic researchers and students in healthcare administration, health policy, health systems research, and health services delivery, as well as policymakers and public officials in relevant government departments. It also would appeal to academics, practitioners, and other professionals in public health, health sciences, social welfare, and health and biotechnology law.

Health economics --- Health & safety aspects of IT --- Public health & preventive medicine --- Medicine: general issues --- Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration --- digital health --- big data and AI --- health system --- health care --- medical care --- medical costs --- healthcare costs --- medical payment system --- social insurance --- telemedicine --- eHealth --- universal health coverage --- health equity --- drug reimbursement --- medical device reimbursement --- medical expense claims data --- health policy --- single-payer system

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Papillomaviridae --- Papillomavirus Vaccines --- National Health Programs --- Papillomavirus --- Vaccins contre les papillomavirus --- Programmes nationaux de santé --- Health Program, National --- Health Programs, National --- National Health Program --- Program, National Health --- Programs, National Health --- Programme national de santé --- National Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, National --- Insurance, National Health --- National Health Insurance, Non-U.S. --- National Health Insurance, Non U.S. --- Health Services, National --- Health Service, National --- National Health Service --- Service, National Health --- Services, National Health --- National Health Services --- Assurance maladie nationale --- Assurance santé nationale --- Assurance maladie nationale non américaine --- Assurance santé nationale non américaine --- Services de santé nationaux --- Service de santé national --- Programmes gouvernementaux --- Vaccines, Papillomavirus --- Vaccins anti-papillomavirus --- Vaccins antipapillomavirus --- Human Papillomavirus Vaccines --- Papillomavirus Vaccines, Human --- Vaccines, Human Papillomavirus --- Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines --- HPV Vaccines --- Vaccins contre les papillomavirus humains --- Vaccins anti-PVH --- Vaccins anti-papillomavirus humains --- Vaccins antipapillomavirus humains --- Vaccins anticancéreux --- Papillomaviridés --- Infections à Papillomavirus --- Papillomavirus humains --- Alphapapillomavirus --- Virus à ADN bicaténaire --- Government Programs --- HPV Vaccine --- Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine --- Human Papillomavirus Vaccine --- Papillomavirus Vaccine --- Papillomavirus Vaccine, Human --- Vaccine, HPV --- Vaccine, Human Papillomavirus --- Vaccine, Papillomavirus --- HPV, Human Papillomavirus Viruses --- Human Papilloma Virus --- Human Papillomavirus Viruses --- Human Papilloma Viruses --- Human Papillomavirus Virus --- Papilloma Virus, Human --- Papilloma Viruses, Human --- Papillomavirus Virus, Human --- Papillomavirus Viruses, Human --- Virus, Human Papilloma --- Virus, Human Papillomavirus --- Viruses, Human Papilloma --- Viruses, Human Papillomavirus

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Inhoud : Het ethisch onderzoekskader. Het juridisch onderzoekskader. De ethische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Nederland. De juridische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Nederland. De ethische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in België. De juridische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in België. De ethische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Duitsland. De juridische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Duitsland. De ethische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Engeland. De juridische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Engeland. De ethische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Frankrijk. De juridische waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging in Frankrijk. De ethische analyse van de waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging. De juridische analyse van de waarden en normen voor de verpleging en verzorging. Een kritische beschouwing van de tuchtrechtelijke toetsing van de Nederlandse verpleegkundige. Implementatie van de onderzoeksresultaten. + bijlagen.

Droit comparé --- Gezondheidszorg --- Soins de santé --- Vergelijkend recht --- Medical ethics --- Right to health --- Ethique médicale --- Droit à la santé --- Comparative studies --- Etudes comparatives --- Ethique médicale --- Droit à la santé --- patiëntenrechten --- aansprakelijkheid (recht) --- -Medical ethics --- -National health insurance --- 613.3 --- verpleegkundige ethiek --- Health insurance, National --- -éthique des soins --- Droit sanitaire --- National health insurance --- 349.8 )* MEDISCH RECHT --- 616.083 )* VERPLEEGKUNDE --- dossier --- medisch recht --- verpleegkundig onderzoek --- verpleegkundige handelingen --- verpleegkundige opleiding [EU-landen] --- verpleegkundige opleiding [Frankrijk] --- verpleegkundige opleiding [overige landen] --- ziekenhuisbeleid [België] --- Medical care --- -#GBIB:CBMER --- 614.25 --- #A0003A --- 674 Gezondheidsrecht --- zorgethiek (ethiek van de zorg, zorgrelatie) --- Gezondheidsrecht --- Medische ethiek --- Verpleegkunde --- België --- Duitsland --- Frankrijk --- Groot-Brittannië --- Nederland --- ethiek --- gezondheidszorg --- normen --- professionalisering --- recht --- verpleegkunde --- verpleegkundig beroep --- waarden --- zorgethiek --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medicine --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- Nursing --- Beroep en opleiding --- Moral and ethical aspects --- #GBIB:CBMER --- Insurance --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Public health --- éthique des soins --- gezondheidsrecht --- beroepsuitoefening --- Social ethics --- bio-ethiek --- Medical law --- France --- Belgium --- Netherlands --- Great Britain --- Germany --- aansprakelijkheid --- beroepsgeheim --- deontologie --- medische ethiek --- patiëntenrecht --- wetenschappelijk onderzoek

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Temporomandibular Joint Diseases are common and dificult to treat. From diagnosis to treatment, our options are in a broad range. Keeping updated with new technologies is extremely important for researchers and health professionals.

migraine --- TMD --- Korean National Health Insurance Service --- cohort --- aura --- temporomandibular disorders --- inclination of articular eminence --- temporomandibular joint --- glenoid fossa --- surgery --- synovial tissue --- synovitis --- interleukin --- lumican --- matrix metalloproteinases --- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases --- cytokine --- biomarker --- temporomandibular disorder --- rheumatic disease --- juvenile idiopathic arthritis --- rheumatoid arthritis --- inflammatory arthritis --- facial pain --- craniomandibular disorders --- validity and reliability --- questionnaires and survey validity study --- bone scintigraphy --- computed tomography --- condylar hyperplasia --- SPECT --- 99mTc-MDP --- cone-beam computed tomography --- malocclusions --- articular eminence inclination --- electromyography --- temporalis anterior --- masseter muscle --- myofascial pain --- myofascial trigger points --- trapezius --- protein expression --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction --- occlusal appliance --- temporomandibular joint disorders --- muscle pain --- removable appliance --- sleep bruxism --- digital dentistry --- diagnostic bruxism splint --- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease --- pseudogout --- X-ray diffraction --- inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

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Next year (2018), we will be celebrating the 15th anniversary of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health—IJERPH (ISSN 1660-4601). Hence, we are currently organizing a Special Issue to commemorate this important milestone. Founded in 2004, IJERPH has experienced a tremendous growth in terms of the number and quality of scientific publications. With a 2016 impact factor of 2.101, IJERPH now ranks among the top international journals in the emerging field of environmental research and public health. As described on our website (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph), IJERPH is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health. Its primary areas of research interests include: Gene-environment interactions Environmental genomics and proteomics Environmental toxicology, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Environmental epidemiology and disease control Health risk assessment and management Ecotoxicology, and ecological risk assessment and management Natural resources damage assessment Environmental chemistry and computational modeling Environmental policy and management Environmental engineering and biotechnology Emerging issues in environmental health and diseases Environmental education and public health To help celebrate the 15th anniversary, you are kindly invited to submit original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications on any of the above-listed topics. Please also encourage any of our colleagues who may be interested to submit manuscripts. We expect that this issue will attract considerable attention, as we prepare to celebrate the excellent scientific contributions and socio-economic impacts of IJERPH over the past 15 years.

transportation noise --- MTNR1B gene --- rs10830963 --- diabetes --- glycosylated hemoglobin --- circadian sleep-wake cycle --- gene-environment interactions --- adults --- cohort study --- metal mobility --- soil flushing --- soil reclamation --- agricultural soil --- EDDS deficiency --- child sexual abuse --- adolescents --- girls --- boys --- gender differences --- legal proceedings --- child-friendly justice --- prevention --- cervical Arabin pessary --- cerclage --- second trimester of pregnancy --- sepiolite --- adsorption --- potentially toxic elements --- modification --- regeneration --- Xiangjiang River --- air pollution --- neighborhood deprivation index --- preterm birth --- spatial approach --- participatory research --- second hand smoking --- communication media --- vulnerable populations --- migrants --- health care research --- quality assurance --- hospital management --- health inequities --- environmental vulnerability --- multi-criteria spatial analysis --- risk management tool --- hazardous substance --- road accidents --- online hate --- hate speech --- bystander --- perpetrator --- online disinhibition --- online discrimination --- cyber aggression --- Bothrops lanceolatus --- envenomation --- snakebite --- bacteria --- infection --- antibiotic susceptibility --- ADL --- disability --- health --- home --- usability --- parenting desire --- lesbian --- gay --- minority stress --- mediation --- demographic factor --- EQ-5D --- health-related quality of life --- depression --- family planning --- Bayesian --- spatial --- RDHS --- Rwanda --- suicide --- premature mortality --- young men --- Greenland --- Denmark --- head injury --- incidence --- national health insurance --- population-based study --- mortality --- traumatic brain injury --- polycystic ovary syndrome --- self-efficacy --- optimism --- acceptance of illness --- September 11 terrorist attacks --- pilot aircraft-assisted suicide --- copycat effect --- obesity --- endoscopy --- Helicobacter pylori --- BMI --- Saudi patients --- urban lake --- comprehensive nutrition status Index --- heavy metals --- health risk --- fuzzy comprehensive method --- physical fitness --- Mediterranean diet --- body composition --- dementia --- health services --- resource utilization --- dementia care --- informal care --- formal care --- cognitive disorder --- physical activity in pregnancy --- PPAQ --- quality of life --- WHOQoL-Bref --- pregnant women --- food availability --- eating away from home --- household food spending --- trace elements --- concentration --- microwave digester --- Wuhan --- soil contamination --- ecological risk --- tuberculosis --- screening for tuberculosis --- public health --- immigrants --- health impact assessments --- premature death --- equity impact --- health impact --- reduction of air pollution --- environmental inequalities --- spatial analysis --- small area --- AirQ --- traffic congestion --- activity-travel patterns --- real-time traffic data --- the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) --- the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) --- evaluation --- method --- policy --- strategy --- social --- trend --- winter tourism --- climate change --- snow abundance index --- meteorological suitability index --- copula function --- spatial suitability assessment --- oral surgery --- oral medicine --- leucoplakia --- hyperkeratosis --- laser --- electronic waste --- informal recycling --- PBDEs --- soil --- dust --- Nigeria --- aerobic capacity --- attrition --- change-of-direction speed --- deputy sheriff --- graduation --- high-intensity running --- police --- strength endurance --- tactical --- roadside exposure --- inflammation biomarker --- Nepal --- PM2.5 --- oily sludge --- incineration --- kinetic --- modeling --- differential/integral method --- engineering --- curriculum proposals --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- global change --- grassland ecosystem --- stoichiometry --- phosphorus limitation --- unsafe behavior --- targeted intervention --- coal miners --- safety management --- bioaerosols --- influenza virus --- ferret animal model --- aerosol chamber --- dengue fever --- Aedes albopictus --- living environment --- logistic regression analysis --- China --- human capital --- multilevel linear regression --- self-rated mental health --- social capital --- groundwater --- iron and manganese removal --- biofilter --- food contamination --- gastrointestinal diseases --- morbidity --- deep neural networks --- evolutionary learning --- health literacy --- adolescent health --- Mexico --- health disparities --- motivation --- videogaming --- psychopathology --- adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) --- Hungarian representative adult sample --- opinion poll --- ACE Score Calculator --- influenza vaccination --- pneumonia --- population-based case-control study --- adolescent --- risk factors --- psychosocial --- socio-environmental --- behavior --- United States --- Latinos --- physical education --- social and emotional learning --- sport education model --- subjective well-being --- trait emotional intelligence --- social anxiety